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Spinel ferrites can accommodate oxygen vacancies in their structure and reversibly exchange oxygen with the environment at high temperatures, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen. Therefore their use in Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is being studied intensively. In the present work the use of ferrites with the general formula of MeFe2O4 (Me=Mn, Ni, Zn, Co, Cu) as oxygen carriers or potentially...
Ethanol is a particularly promising bio-fuel, which is already widely used in the transportation sector. Much research has focused on laser ignition in internal combustion engines, because it offers a number of significant advantages. The motivation of this study is to reduce the higher cost of anhydrous ethanol by enabling the direct use of wet ethanol for combustion applications. This study reports...
Aromatics including benzenes, olefins and naphthalenes derived from renewable biomass are of great importance on the potential substitution for diminishing fossil fuels. In this work, aromatics from biomass-derived sorbitol by hydrogenation and aromatization was investigated over the Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni/Hβ catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The testing results showed that all the catalysts revealed 100%...
In this study, we investigated the explosion parameters of vapor–liquid two-phase JP-10 (C10H16, tricycle [5.2.1.02, 6] decane)/air mixtures, and reported new experimental data obtained at various conditions. Two sets of vapor–liquid two-phase JP-10/air mixtures at different fuel concentrations, with Sauter mean diameters (SMDs) of 20μm and 35μm, respectively, were examined. Their explosion temperature,...
Proppant embedment plays a significant role in conductivity decreasing for conventional fracturing. Surface modification agent (SMA) is widely used in decreasing proppant embedment and proppant crush, increasing proppant cohesive force and long term conductivity. As an improvement for conventional fracturing technology, the Hi-way channel hydraulic fracturing technique improves the ability of a fracture...
Knowledge of the basic thermodynamic properties of biodiesel under different conditions is necessary because of its wide use as a substitute for fossil fuels. The viscosities and refractive indices of the methyl and ethyl esters of the fatty acids from sunflower oil were measured at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures 288.15–373.15K and 288.15–343.15K, respectively. The same properties were measured...
The influence of partial substitution of iron oxide by titanium oxide on the catalytic activity of iron–cerium mixed oxide catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 has been investigated in this paper. The methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (NH3/NO-TPD) were...
In this study, two Chinese coals, Jiexiu (JX) and Yanzhou (YZ) raw coals, their deashed coals and depyrited coals, were used to investigate the effects of CO2 on sulfur removal and its release behavior during coal pyrolysis by pyrolysis with mass spectrometer (Py-MS) and pyrolysis connected with gas chromatogram (Py-GC). It is found that the sulfur removal ratio of YZ and JX coals under CO2 atmosphere...
An extended Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) local extinction model is proposed to take into account the effects of finite-rate chemistry, normally occurring in Moderate to Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion, on the extinction limits. Local extinction is predicted when the local fine structure residence time is below a local critical value that is determined theoretically in the present study...
Most previous work on inverse diffusion flames (IDFs) has focused on laminar IDF emissions and the soot formation characteristics. Here, we investigate the characteristics and structure of methane IDFs using high speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images of OH, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and acetone PLIF imaging for non-reacting cases. First, the flame appearance was investigated...
Atmosphere Pressure–Temperature Programmed Reduction (AP–TPR) technique coupled “off-line” with thermal desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) can be effectively used to specify qualitatively/quantitatively organic functionalities in humic substances. The AP–TPR technique has been initially developed and successfully applied for sulphur speciation in coals and in their biodesulphurized...
In this study, MgO–Li2O catalysts were developed for biodiesel synthesis using poly(dimethylsiloxane–ethyleneoxide) PDMS–PEO as a structure-directing agent. The MgO–Li2O catalysts have a three-dimensional interconnected highly porous structure with bimodal pore distribution that enhances the transesterification reaction. Moreover, Li atoms are not accommodated by alternating MgO slabs within the growth...
The oxidation characteristics and products of five ethers – ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), dimethyl ether (DME), diethyl ether (DEE), and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) – were determined using an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) at low temperatures. Oxidation temperature and pressure were calculated using temperature–time (T–t) and pressure–time (P–t) plots, and reaction...
This study presents detailed chemical and thermophysical analysis of bio-crude from a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction research plant. Current research on bio-crude focuses mainly on specific biomass feedstocks and conversion process conditions and resulting yields rather than on bio-crude properties for downstream processing. This study contributes to the next level of research, where HTL bio-crude...
Sulfonated humic acid (SHA) is a representative organic pollutant in oilfield wastewater. This study investigated the performance of modified fly ash in removal of SHA from aqueous solution. Two types of raw fly ash, including Shand fly ash (class C) and BD fly ash (class F) were used. X-ray diffraction and surface area analyses were also implemented to characterize the change of fly ash after modification...
ZrO2-impregnated red mud catalysts were employed as a novel catalyst for catalytic cracking of vacuum residue with steam. Under the batch reaction condition at 470°C for 2h with superheated steam, 3wt% ZrO2-impregnated red mud exhibited the best performance for catalytic cracking of vacuum residue. Furthermore, under the same reaction conditions, the conversion and liquid yield of 3wt% ZrO2-impregnated...
The migration of trace elements from waste incineration fly ash is problematic during utilization/landfilling. This study investigated the chemical association and potential mobility of trace elements in fly ashes originating from incineration of different fuels [virgin wood, recovered waste wood (RWW), mixed wooden fuel/waste, household, industrial, and mixed waste]. Fly ashes were characterized...
A ‘smart’ fuel whose molecular structure can be adapted via irradiation with light in the presence of air was calculated to provide control over ignition timing in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. The fuel consisted of isopropanol that was partially reacted into propane peroxide during a photochemical reaction with air, prior to combustion. The ensuing combustion of fuel with...
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